upsc - introduction to indian constitution

indian constitution

Post include the most important points about the constitution of india, many questions were asked many times in various upsc exams. Now lets start with the smart preparation of upsc exams. 

• Idea of the making of Indian Constitution was given by M.N. Roy his full name is Manabendra Nath Roy in 1934.

          Shri M.N. Roy

• Indian constitution was framed by Constituent Assembly of India  in 2 years 11 months and 18 days ( 9 Dec 1946 - 26 Nov 1949 ).
• The idea given by M.N. Roy in 1934 was become the official demand of Indian National Congress in 1935 and the demand was accepted by the British Government in August 1940.
• Constituent Assembly of India was a committee which has to be elected for framing the constitution of india.
• Constituent Assembly compose of total 389 members from which ( 292 members were elected members of the Provincial Legislative Assemblies and 93 members represented the Indian Princely States and 4 members represented the Chief Commissioner's Provinces).
• First session of the Constituent Assembly of India was started at 11 am 9 Dec 1946 - 23 Dec 1946 in Constitution Hall in Delhi, which is now known as Central Hall of Parliament house with 207 members (attending the meeting) which was boycotted by Muslim League.
• Dr. Sachchidanand Sinha was elected as a temporary chairman of Constituent Assembly of India but later Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as a permanent chairman of Constituent Assembly of India.

Dr. Sachchidanand Sinha

Dr. Rajendra Prasad

• June 3, 1947 under the Mountbatten plan the partition of the country was announced and a separate Constituent Assembly of Pakistan was formed on July 16, 1947. And the members of Constituent Assembly of India reduced to 299 members (229 represent the provinces and 70 nominated by princely states).
• Shri B.N Rau was appointed as Legal Advisor to the Constituent Assembly of India.

 

Shri B.N. Rau

• "Objective Resolution" was introduced by Jawaharlal Nehru on 13 Dec 1946, which was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India on 22 Jan, 1947 in its second session from 20 Jan - 25 Jan 1947. 
• For making the Constitution of India, Constituent Assembly of India organized 22 committees. Some of the important committees with their respective head are shown below in the table.

 

• The most important committee was Drafting Committee which include seven members headed by Dr.B.R. Ambedkar. This committee was set up on 29 August 1947. The other members of the drafting committee includes 

1. N. Gopalswami Ayyangar
2. Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar
3. K.M. Munshi
4. Mohammad Saadullah
5. B.L. Mitra ( replaced by N.Madhav Rau)
6. D.P. Khaitan(who dies in 1948 and was replaced by T.T. Krishnamanchari. 

•  The Drafting Committee completed the draft of Constitution of India in Feb, 1948.

1. The second reading of the drafted Constitution of India was completed on Oct 17, 1948.
2. The third reading of the drafted Constitution of India was completed on Nov 14, 1949.

• And finally making and reading of Constitution of India was finished and adopted on Nov 26, 1949 with the signature of 284 members.
• On January 26, 1950 Constitution of India came in to force, India was declared Republic, where Republic means, the Head of the State (president) will be directly or indirectly elected by the people.
• President of the Assembly Dr.Rajendra Prasad was appointed as the First President of India Republic.
• Dr. B.R. Ambedkar is recognized as "Father of the Indian Constitution".

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar